Hidradenitis Suppurativa

Description

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic skin condition that causes painful, swollen lumps to develop in the armpits, groin, and other areas where skin rubs together. These lumps, called abscesses, are usually filled with pus and can cause fever, fatigue, and weight loss. HS is a long-term condition that can be difficult to treat, but with proper care, it can be managed effectively. The cause of HS is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to a combination of factors, including genetics, hormones, and inflammation. It is more common in people who are overweight or obese and those who smoke tobacco. If you have HS, it is important to see a dermatologist or other healthcare provider to discuss treatment options and learn how to manage the condition.

Symptoms

Here are some common symptoms of hidradenitis suppurativa:

Painful, swollen lumps (abscesses) in the armpits, groin, and other areas where skin rubs together
Pus-filled abscesses that may drain or burst
Fever, fatigue, and weight loss
Hard, scar-like tissue that forms after the abscesses heal
Inflamed, red skin
Odor from the abscesses

Causes

The exact cause of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is not fully understood, but it is thought to be related to a combination of factors, including:

Genetics: HS tends to run in families, suggesting that there may be a genetic component to the condition.

Hormones: HS is more common in women, and some research suggests that hormones may play a role in the development of the condition.
Inflammation: HS is characterized by inflammation in the hair follicles and sweat glands, which may contribute to the development of the condition.
Other factors: Obesity, smoking tobacco, and certain medications may also increase the risk of developing HS.

Risk factors

Here are some risk factors for hidradenitis suppurativa (HS):

Being female: HS is more common in women than in men.
Being overweight or obese: People who are overweight or obese are more likely to develop HS.
Smoking tobacco: Smoking tobacco increases the risk of developing HS.
Family history: HS tends to run in families, so people with a family history of the condition are more likely to develop it themselves.
Other factors: Certain medications, such as anabolic steroids and testosterone, may also increase the risk of developing HS.

Complications

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) can lead to a number of complications, including:

Abscesses: The painful, swollen lumps (abscesses) that develop in people with HS can become infected, leading to further inflammation and discomfort.
Scarring: The abscesses can leave scar tissue behind as they heal, which can be unsightly and cause discomfort.
Difficulty with movement: The abscesses can make it difficult for people with HS to move or perform certain activities, such as exercising or wearing certain types of clothing.
Social and psychological effects: HS can have a significant impact on a person's quality of life, and the condition can lead to feelings of embarrassment, social isolation, and depression.

How to diagnose

Here are some steps that may be taken to diagnose hidradenitis suppurativa (HS):

Physical examination: A healthcare provider will examine the affected areas and look for the characteristic lumps (abscesses) and scarring associated with HS.
Medical history: The provider will ask about your medical history, including any family history of HS and any medications you are taking.
Laboratory tests: In some cases, a healthcare provider may recommend laboratory tests, such as a blood test, to rule out other conditions or to get a better understanding of the overall health of the patient.
Skin biopsy: A skin biopsy, in which a small sample of skin is removed and examined under a microscope, may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis of HS.

How to prevent it?

Maintain a healthy weight: Being overweight or obese is a risk factor for HS, so maintaining a healthy weight may help reduce the risk of developing the condition.
Avoid smoking tobacco: Smoking tobacco is a risk factor for HS, so avoiding tobacco may help reduce the risk of developing the condition.
Avoid certain medications: Some medications, such as anabolic steroids and testosterone, may increase the risk of developing HS. If you are taking these medications, it is important to discuss the risks and benefits with your healthcare provider.
Practice good hygiene: Keeping the affected areas clean and dry may help reduce the risk of infection and improve the symptoms of HS.

When do you need to see a doctor?

Painful, swollen lumps (abscesses) in the armpits, groin, or other areas where skin rubs together
Pus-filled abscesses that may drain or burst
Fever, fatigue, or weight loss
Hard, scar-like tissue that forms after the abscesses heal
Inflamed, red skin
Odor from the abscesses

FAQs

Is hidradenitis suppurativa due to poor hygiene?

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is not typically caused by poor hygiene. While maintaining good hygiene may help reduce the risk of infection and improve the symptoms of HS, the exact cause of the condition is not fully understood.

HS is believed to be related to a combination of factors, including genetics, hormones, and inflammation. It is more common in people who are overweight or obese and those who smoke tobacco.

If you have HS, it is important to work with a healthcare provider to develop a treatment plan that is right for you. This may involve a combination of medications, lifestyle changes, and other therapies. Maintaining good hygiene, such as keeping the affected areas clean and dry, can be an important part of managing the condition.

Can HS be cancerous?

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is not a type of cancer, and it does not increase the risk of developing cancer. However, it is important to seek treatment for HS to reduce the risk of complications and improve quality of life.

If you are experiencing any symptoms of HS, such as painful, swollen lumps (abscesses) in the armpits, groin, or other areas where skin rubs together; pus-filled abscesses that may drain or burst; fever, fatigue, or weight loss; hard, scar-like tissue that forms after the abscesses heal; inflamed, red skin; or odor from the abscesses, it is important to see a healthcare provider for a proper diagnosis and treatment.

Visit a doctor when you are suffering from skin problems!